The Siete Partidas in regards to the Jewish people in Iberia Term Paper - 1

The Siete Partidas with respect to the Jewish individuals in Iberia - Term Paper Example They likewise presented Islam and new belief systems. The final product was consistent clash and delineation. The Muslim Spain (al-Andalus) needed to fix their political and military framework to guarantee an escalated and powerful system that would deal with the prior tenants, with least restriction, assaults and revolts. Having picked up domain over the landmass, the al-Andalus tried to present the political and authoritative frameworks and structures that they were familiar with those that were at that point built up in the East. For example, they devastated the government that portrayed the Visigothic framework and subbed it with emirate system3. Under this framework, the al-Andalus was to shape a managerial unit, with an Arab military ruler from among the Muslims in Muslim Spain. Actually, this managerial unit would be supposed to be a sub unit under Damascus from the start, as the ruler promised unwaveringness to the Umayyad caliph (the general ruler) in Damascus. In any case, a couple of years after the fact, this emirate picked up its freedom when 'Abbasids took over administration, murdered individuals from the Ummayad family and resisted the customary necessity of promising dependability to the Caliph in Damascus. Be that as it may, a few Muslims, in principle kept on perceiving the caliphate of Baghdad. The emirate was isolated into regions, each headed with its functionaries. Under Emirate framework, the general political head that would be accountable for the whole Muslim Spain was known as the amir. The last managerial authority was additionally vested in the amir. As managerial and political head, Amir made all the political; and authoritative choices that related to the regions. He was additionally accountable for delegating all the functionaries. He likewise settled on issues relating to tax collection, similar to the amount of assessment to be demanded at specific spot and

The Roaring 20s essays

The Roaring 20's expositions How ya going to hold em down on the ranch, after theyve seen Paree? This famous melody is the pith of the Roaring 20s. Times were starting to change, and a wide range of circumstances and occasions added to the change. A portion of these givers were The Prohibition, The Scopes Trial, Changing Roles of Women, Education and Pop Culture, and The Harlem Renaissance. The Prohibition was the finished boycott of liquor in America. An Amendment was included into the constitution restricting the transportation or offer of any sort of liquor. Reformers in the Christian church were persuaded that alcohol was the primary driver of the countries issues and defilement. From the outset, cantinas shut, and things quieted down, however then the nation became ill of not having the option to pick what they needed to do. Numerous migrants thought of alcohol being a piece of mingling, and not a transgression. This was when illicit deals of liquor started. Speakeasies, which were shrouded cantinas, began opening, and the individuals had the option to get their alcohol. Peddlers purchased their alcohol in Canada and carried it in for other people. Numerous lawbreakers found another method of bringing in cash, and composed wrongdoing, for example, the horde, developed in the two numbers and pay. This had an effect in the way of life on the grounds that since the co untry couldn't get what they needed, they needed to go to other, illicit, places for their requirements and needs. The country got subject to lawbreakers to get what they needed, and the country has kept on breaking down from that point forward. The Scopes Trial was a significant preliminary over development versus creation. This preliminary increased national acknowledgment and was accounted for on day by day by enormous city journalists. Tennessee had made a law restricting the instructing of development in schools, and one instructor named John T. Degrees violated that law. The American Civil Liberties Union guaranteed they would guard him, and got him the most acclaimed legal advisor of that day. Clarence Darrow was a notable, regarded attorney, an... <!

The Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding

The Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding Can you imagine living your life all on your own, without ever communicating with other human beings? What would happen to you?Aside from the fact that you would literally be depressed due to the lack of company, all other aspects of your personality would be limited.You would not need to develop language, as there is no one to talk to, you would not have the option to develop your interpersonal skills, and even survival skills would not progress.This last one might seem like a stretch but it actually isnt.How come? Well, each person is born with a certain set of skills that are genetically and developmentally conditioned. This is true for intelligence and a certain set of other abilities.So why do we say that survival skills could be limited (think of the consequences)?If you were born with the ability to catch fish and for some reason, the rivers, and lakes close by were dried up rendering your ability mute, how much time would it take you to rewire your brain, and learn to hunt if there wasnt anybody to show you?And what would happen if there was someone around you who was born with the ability to hunt?Watching and communicating with that person would speed up the learning process and you would not be hungry for a long time.This is why it is said that people are social animals. We need the company of others not only for comfort and support but for learning as well.Throughout history, many thinkers and philosophers dabbled into the notion of social development and how it affects the formation of a person from an early age and throughout the whole life.There have been several theories, most of them are still recognized and used nowadays, regarding learning and education.We learn something new every day our entire lives, so these theories are important and can have significant implications in adults as well, not just the children.Observing children, however, is what led to the formation of a theory known as Zone of Proximal Development, suggested by Lev Vygotsk y, a Russian psychologist.We do not learn because we develop. We develop because we learn. â€" Vygotsky  THE SOCIO-CULTURAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENTVygotskys theory builds up on the importance of social interactions mostly regarding the role that it has in the development of cognition.His main foci were children and the interactions with those around them in the development of their cognition and higher order learning.This theory relies on the notions introduced by Jean Piaget, with some differences.Namely, Piaget states that learning is best done independently and introduces steps on how each child acquires new knowledge.The main point of difference between Vygotskys Socio-cultural Theory of Development and Piagets theory is that interaction between the learner and the people around him/her.Why is social interaction important? Many studies show that children that had help in performing certain tasks in early childhood mastered those tasks better and faster than the children who learne d those same tasks on their own.Imagine learning how to walk or speak.A child will learn how to speak even if it is not directly spoken to.For example, it will pick up words by listening to adults speak, or by watching cartoons and listening to music.The main sense included, in this example, will be listening.   A child will also learn to walk on its own by holding onto the sides of a bed.However, if a parent (or another more knowledgeable individual) actively encourages a baby to speak, by focusing the baby on the sound and lip movement, more of the senses (sight, in this case) would be included, and the baby will retain information faster.It will try to repeat not just the sound but the lip movements as well, and will more quickly deduce what it needs to do to form a certain word.In the example of walking, if a parent helps a baby to stand up, and make the first step, walk alongside it while holding its hand, and later just being present around, the baby will sooner feel free to l et go and walk.Vygotsky states that babies are born with certain mental functions. He called them elementary mental functions-attention, sensation, perception, memory.Eventually, through interaction with their socio-cultural environment, these elementary mental functions are developed into more sophisticated and effective mental processes or strategies, and this is what we call higher mental functions-language, memory, voluntary attention, and perception.The higher mental functions are characterized by independent learning and thinking and can only be cultivated by elementary mental functions which we modify with the help of a tutor.According to Vygotsky, this type of social interaction involves cooperative and collaborative dialogue and that s what promotes the cognitive ability or development.This leads us to another important notion of Vygotskys theory, and that is language.He says that language is the main means by which adults transmit information to children, and it is also a very powerful tool of intellectual adaptation.He looked at the private speech, also called internal speech or egocentric speech. It is when people talk out loud to themselves. With what type of population is this most likely to happen?Do adults speak out loud to themselves a lot or do children? Well, it is actually children. Most children engage in private speech. Vygotsky sees this as a way for children to plan activities and strategies, and this aids in their development.He defines language as an accelerator for thinking and understanding.Children who engage in private speech are much more socially competent than children who do not use it that much. He believed that language develops from social interactions for communication purposes.Adults unconsciously do that too, though not as often as children, especially when the task at hand is on the difficult side.Adults vocalize their thoughts when solving difficult problems in order to engage other senses and other aspects of cognitio n for quicker and more effective problem solvingLater language ability becomes internalized as thought, which means that, as we grow older the private speech becomes inner speech, and t turns out that thought is a result of language.That ability to think for ourselves and develop that independence of executing skills comes from this importance of language, according to Vygotsky.In addition to the importance of social interaction, Vygotsky introduces two more key concepts More Knowledgable Other (or MKO), and Zone of Proximal Development (or ZPD).There is also a concept of Scaffolding that is linked to this theory; however, Vygotsky himself never used the term.He died very young (at the age of 38) and his theory was later further developed by other psychologists. The term Scaffolding was introduced by Wood, Bruner, and Ross.Those three concepts go hand in hand and are crucial for understanding the learning processes with young learners, as well as adults, in school and outside of it .MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE OTHERAn MKO is a person a child interacts with in order to learn.That person has a higher level of knowledge, understanding or ability with respect to the task that is at hand.Children learn from MKOs by repeating the actions they model, or following instructions.Who is an MKO? At the early development stages, and MKOs are obviously parents, later, they are teachers. An MKO does not necessarily have to be an adult.In regards to children, an MKO can be a more skilled peer (some psychologist even argue that learning with a peer is even more productive, as the action excludes fear form authority, and the child uses a language that is closer, and more understandable to the student) or even an older sibling.It is widely known that a younger child looks up to and imitates his/her older sibling, and this action makes the older sibling an MKO.In the following example, it is clear that an MKO is the boys classmate who is more knowledgeable at a task he is given. With the advancement of technology, an MKO can be a computer as well, as we can look for information there. Consider these examples of relations between a teacher and a learner.A boy wants to learn how to play chess. His grandfather takes up the responsibility of showing him and explaining the rules. In this situation, the Grandfather is an MKO.However, if that same grandfather gets a new Smartphone and he is not into technology, that same boy will show him how to use the phone. In this interaction, the boy would be an MKO.The interaction between the learner and an MKO results in learning, which leads to the formation of the higher mental functions.THE ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENTThe Zone of Proximal Development is a concept that came as a result of Vygotskys dissatisfaction with standardized tests.He thought that standardized tests were not capable of measuring the childrens ability to learn as they only rely on the childs existing knowledge disregarding the potential to learn further.He de fined the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) asThe distance between the actual development level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers. Vygotsky, 1978 Let us explain this concept more closely.Imagine the learning process in the form of three concentric circles. The inner circle is what a child or a student already knows how to do.The skills are already mastered, and the tasks are too easy, predictable, and tedious even. As a result, learning does not happen.For example, a child has already learned how to add numbers. Giving the child more tasks of this difficulty level leads to stagnation and boredom.The outer circle represents what a student cant do independently. The task at hand is way too difficult for the student to grasp it, solve it and understand it.Imagine giving a child that has just learned to add numbers an equation that in cludes all four mathematical operations.This kind of a task that is way too hard for the student leads to stress and frustration, the student becomes discouraged which can lead to the student giving up.This does not generate learning. The active learning happens in that inner circle that Vygotsky defined as Zone of Proximal Development.The difficulty level of tasks in this zone is just beyond the reach of students current knowledge, they may seem challenging and difficult but they are accessible, so the student can complete the tasks with the help of an MKO.This is the part where the most sensitive information and guidance should be given. We can say that the Zone of Proximal Development is a sweet spot for learning.This is where learning happens- in this area of being able to do something and not being able to do it.Let us go back to our student who has already learned addition. Imagine that a teacher wants to teach multiplication.The teacher may build up the knowledge by explainin g that 25 is actually 5+5, and guide the student to the conclusion by grouping ten pencils into two groups of five, and encouraging the student to count.After the student gets the help that he needs he should be able to do that task independently.The ZPD is not the same for each child/student at the same level of current knowledge.Also, the ZPD is not a static factor, as the child learns and progresses in acquiring a certain skill, the ZPD moves forward, opening space for further learning.Pay attention that we use the words guidance, help and encouragement, rather than just full assistance.Why is that? If an MKO simply does the task for the child, the learning process gets stunted, and the student can simply copy the teachers moves and instructions without actually learning a new skill, which is why Piaget argued that the knowledge we acquire through independent action and exploration is better retained than if we are taught something.However, assisting, rather than, completely taki ng over in the process of learning, enables a child or a student to spend less energy on finding the solution to the problem, but he still gets there on his own, just with a little nudge from an MKO.This leads us to the third concept.SCAFFOLDINGAs we already mentioned, scaffolding is a concept that was adjoined to Vygotskys theory much later, but it complements it and explains how the learning processes happen in the ZPD.The child learns in the Zone of Proximal Development with the help of a More Knowledgeable Other through Scaffolding.So, scaffolding is a tool for helping students learn, it is the support that an MKO provides the student within the ZPD to help them achieve their aims.It is defined as structurally supportive interactions that guide effective learning (through hinting and giving more options, rather than telling the solution).Scaffolding consists of a number of different principles. Firstly, building interest and engaging students’ attention by either making the ta sks interesting or eliminating outside distractions.Secondly, breaking the task down into smaller chunks that are more easily understood, and later using those smaller tasks as stepping stones to progression to the main task at hand.The student can safely progress to the next stepping stone when, and only when he has learned what was needed of him on that particular segment. (A baby learns to stand, then walk, then run and only later does it learn to dance the cha-cha. A baby cannot skip running and go straight to cha-cha.)You can also simplify the problem by using more appropriate language or giving instructions in a way more suitable to the child in question.You can also model the behavior, and do a task yourself but it is important that you closely watch the student in order to be sure that he has understood and is able to follow all the steps.What is left next is to gradually relinquish the control, and reduce the amount of help needed for the student to complete the task.Or, me taphorically, remove the scaffolding need for the construction.The aim of ZPD and Scaffolding is to teach students to think for themselves and solve problems individually. Imagine this entire process through an example of learning to swim. If a girl wants to learn how to swim, she will probably not be able to do it alone.Why? Because this is out of her current knowledge and is it too far that she will be frustrated while learning it? No. So, it is just out of her reach, in the ZPD, so she needs help from an MKO to learn how to swim.In the beginning, an MKO might opt to use tools like swimming floats, that would be a first stepping stone.As the child feels more comfortable, an MKO will remove the floats and hold the child while he tries to follow instructions on how to move his arms and legs.When the child has learned that, an MKO will choose to gradually let go of the child so he can swim independently, which, essentially, is the aim of the process.IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CLASSROOMHow can we use this theory and those key concepts?Hopefully, it is clear on how to use them on a one-on-one basis, however, what should you do in a classroom, or if you are a tutor of a group of adults?First of all, you should make sure that you pre-assess the knowledge of your students. This will give you a starting line on what your students already know and avoid those tasks in order to avoid boredom. This will also determine the ZPD of each individual studentWe already mentioned that the ZPD varies from student to student regardless of the fact that their existing knowledge is the same.This is why teachers should differentiate lesson plans and individualize them to fit all the students.A teacher, as an MKO, should be able to determine students capabilities and abilities, different learning styles and their aptitude for learning in order to make the best of their ZPD.In order to use this theory as much as possible, and employ more MKOs for different approaches, a teacher should, occ asionally at least, make heterogeneous groups of students.What does that mean?Learning in smaller groups can be beneficial for learners, however, if their abilities are on the exact same level, they will not learn.This is why each group should have a more knowledgeable peer to model the actions of other students, and a teacher should be present as well, to control and encourage all of them.TIPS FOR USING ZPD IN THE CLASSROOMDoUse identifiable language using the language appropriate to the childs/students level facilitates the understanding of a task and accelerates the progress.Use open-ended questions open-ended questions ask the student to think on its own and do not allow the repetition of what somebody else has previously said.DontDo not use complex language using language that is beyond the students ability to understand can cause issues even when a task itself can be done without any problems, just because the student did not understand the instructions. Simplify instead.Do not assume that students already know instead, ask them a question and if you see that they are already familiar with it, fast forward to the ZPD. Otherwise, you may find yourself in the outer ring of knowledge causing frustration.Do not give answers too quickly the aim of ZPD is to help students reach the answers themselves, not give them a ready-made answer. FINAL WORDVygotskys Socio-cultural Theory of Development is mostly applicable to early childhood development as well as in the education of both children and adults.As opposed to children, adults have already developed cognitive thinking, so this concept of the theory may not relate to them, however, the ZPD and Scaffolding, and MKO concepts are something that we are exposed to, more or less, every day since peoples nature is to thrive and learn through social interactions.

Essay on Abortion

Essay on Abortion An Overview of Abortion Abortion refers to the termination of a pregnancy by removing or expelling the fetus or embryo from the uterus before it is ready for birth. There are two major forms of abortion: spontaneous, which is often referred to as a miscarriage or the purposeful abortion, which is often induced abortion. The term abortion is commonly used to refer to the induced abortion, and this is the abortion, which has been filled with controversy. In the developed nations, induced abortions are the safest form of medical procedures in medicine if they are conducted under the local law. Thus, abortions are arguably the most common medical procedures in the United States annually. More than 40 percent of women confirm that they have terminated a pregnancy at least once in their reproductive life. Abortions are conducted by women from all forms of life; however, the typical woman who terminates her pregnancy may either be white, young, poor, unmarried, or over the age of 40 years (Berer, 2004). Therefore, citing the grounds on which abortions are conducted, there are numerous instances of unsafe abortions, which are conducted either by untrained persons or outside the medical profession. In the United States and the world in general, abortion remains widespread. The United States Supreme Court ratified the legalization of abortion in an effort to make the procedure safer; this was done through the Roe v. Wade decision of 1973. However, abortions are the most risky procedures and are responsible for over 75 thousand maternal deaths and over 5 million disabilities annually. In the United States alone, between 20 and 30 million abortions are conducted annually, and out of this number, between 10 and 20 million abortions are performed in an unsafe manner (Berer, 2004). These illegal abortions are conducted in an unsafe manner; therefore, they contribute to 14 percent of all deaths or women; this arises mainly due to severe complications. This has led to increasing controversy citing the large numbers of abortions that are conducted annually. However, there is a hope since the improvement in the access and quality of medical services has reduced the incidence of abortion because of easier access of family planning education and the use of contraceptives (Jones, Darroch, Henshaw, 2002). However, the large numbers of abortions, more so, the illegal abortions continue to be alarming. Despite the introduction of more effective contraceptives, and their widespread availability, more than half of the pregnancies conceived in the United States are considered unplanned. Out of these pregnancies, half are aborted. Thus, abortion remains an issue in the society. Is abortion a social issue? Conflict theorists emphasize that coercion, change, domination, and conflict in society are inevitable. The conflict standpoint is based on the notion that the society is comprised of different groups who are in a constant struggle with one another for the access of scarce and valuable resources; these may either be money, prestige, power, or the authority to enforce one’s value on the society. The conflict theorists argue that a conflict exists in the society when a group of people who on believing that their interests are not being met, or that they are not receiving a fair share of the society’s resources, works to counter what they perceive as a disadvantage. Prior to 1973, abortion was illegal in the United States, unless in situations where a woman’s health was at stake. If the doctor indicated, a woman had the option of choosing to terminate her pregnancy, and the doctor would carry out the abortion without any of them violating the law. However, in March 1970, Jane Roe, an unmarried woman from Dallas County, Texas, initiated a federal action against the county’s District Attorney. Roe sought a judgment that would declare the Texas criminal abortion legislation unconstitutional on their face, and seek an injunction, which would prevent the defendant from implementing the statutes. Joe asserted that she was an unmarried, but pregnant lady; she wished to terminate her pregnancy by seeking the services of a professional and licensed practitioner under safe clinical environment. However, she noted that she was unable to contract the service since she was not able to get access to a legal abortion in Texas since her life was not under any form of threat from the pregnancy. Furthermore, Joe stated that she was not in a financial position to travel to another state to secure a safe abortion. She argued that the Texas statute was unconstitutional and vague, and was in contravention of her right of her right to privacy, which was guaranteed by the First, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments. Joe purported to sue on her behalf and on behalf of all other women who were in a similar situation to hers. There are critical observations from Joe’s arguments; women who do not to have a baby should not be forced to have one. A pregnancy is a blessing if it is planned; however, a forced pregnancy is similar to any form of bodily invasion, and is abhorrence to the American values and traditions (Schwarz, 1990). Therefore, the United States constitution protects women from a forced pregnancy in a similar way that the constitution cannot force an American citizen to donate his or her bone marrow or to contribute a kidney to another. The Supreme Court looked into the facts and evidence of the case, and ruled that Roe was right, and her rights to privacy were violated; therefore, the Court decreed that all women had a right to a legal and safe abortion on demand. There was joy throughout America from the modern women; the ruling was seen as a massive step towards women’s rights. However, many years have passed since the Roe v. Wade, and abortion has remained one of the most cont entious issues in the United States and the world. The ruling was of similar magnitude to the women’s suffrage, and almost as controversial. It has freed women from dependency, fear, threat of injury, and ill health; it has given women the power to shape their lives. The social ramifications of the case and the social and moral ones have continued to affect the two sides of the abortion debate. The people who thought that the 7-2 majority ruling in favor of abortion were overly optimistic; abortion has become one of the most emotional, and controversial political debate. Prior to Roe v. wade ruling, women who had abortions risked suffering from pain, death, serious injury, prosecution, and sterility. Presently, abortion is safer, cheaper, and a more common phenomenon. The legalization of abortion has created other reasons for securing abortions; women are being coerced by their boyfriends and husbands who are unwilling to become fathers due to financial pressures, the panic of losing a job, quitting school, becoming homeless, or out of fear of being kicked out into the street (Schwarz, 1990). Abortion, which is based on this reasons often leads to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; this occurs when a woman is not able to work through her emotional i mbalances resulting from the trauma of an abortion. This can have severe results such as depression, eating disorders, and in severe cases, it can result in suicide. Women who secure an abortion out of their free will have no remorse and are happy that they made the choice; however, a number of women state that abortion affected them negatively. Thus, it can be argued that abortion is a social issue. Based on the sociological imagination, people’s behaviors and attitudes should be perceived in the context of the social forces that shape the actions. Wright Mills developed the theory, and he emphasized that the changes in the society have a massive effect on our lives. Prior to 1970, legal abortions were unheard in the United States and people perceived abortion as a despicable act. However, once the law changed allowing doctors to conduct legal abortions, the people’s attitudes changed. To prove the fact that abortion is a social issue, we have to look at the components of a social issue. A social issue is an aspect of the society that concerns the people and would like it changed. It is comprised of two components: the objective condition, which is an aspect of the society that can be measured. The objective condition in the case of abortion entails the question whether abortions are legal, who obtains an abor tion, and under what circumstances is an abortion secured (Henslin, 2008). The second component is the subjective condition; this is the concern that a significant number of people have about the objective condition. In the case of abortion, the subjective condition entails some people’s distress that a pregnant woman must carry the unwanted baby to full term (Henslin, 2008). It also includes the distress that a woman can terminate her pregnancy on demand. Thus, abortion is a social issue. Controversy Surrounding Abortion Abortion, human cloning, and evolution are all human issues that are very controversial. Christians’ believe in life after death. They also believe that life begins immediately at conception. Buddhists believe in reincarnation while atheists do not believe in God tend to be supporters of the right to choose. This means that perception and focus are the key issues when people from any faith choose to be supporters or opponents of any controversial issue like abortion. If an individual decides to focus on one part of the story, then definitely there will be a distorted representation of what they support. The result is that there will be people who are neutral or ignorant on abortion while others choose to support abortions as others oppose the act. Groups’ strongly opposing or supporting abortions have completely varying opinions on the subject. It is vital to note that an individual may either be a strong supporter or oppose the act since any compromise means a choice of life over death and vice versa. This strange facet of abortion makes it a very controversial act and subject because both supporters and opponents meet nowhere. Personal faiths through religion make them view the subject differently. Some believe that a woman has the right to make an absolute choice, thus; the right to choose is more prevalent to those supporting abortion. However, for the opponents, they support the constitutional and human right to life. It is vital to note that both pro-choice and pro-life groups rely on the constitution like the Fourteenth Amendment, human rights, and scientific facts (Knapp, 2001). In the 1973 case of Roe v. Wade, the U.S Supreme court ruled that the woman has the right to make a choice giving support to the pro-choice groups that support abortion. This meant that, the fetus has no rights and is at the indispensable mercy of the mother. The rights of the state and the fetus cannot overrule the choice that the mother has made. In another case in 1992, Roe in Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the US Supreme Court maintained that a woman has the power and the right to commit an abortion (Knapp, 2001). Pro-choice supporters argue that those campaigning against abortion consume a lot of resources and effort. They feel that there are so many women who are living in total paucity and misery because they were coerced to deliver children who are unwanted. The resources spent by the anti-abortion campaigns can be used to support the social welfare of those women and relive them out of their misery. According to Knapp (2001), every day, almost 50,000 children die because of lack of food, medicine, shelter, and clothing. Today, the population stands at 7 billion meaning that there is an impending disaster because the resource is continually being depleted. Any unwanted baby may adversely affect the natural balance of resources to persons. It is estimated that, the development around the globe will have to slow down because there will be more mouths to feed than before. Pro-choice supporters believe that every human being has the right to political, sexual, and reproductive freedom. Pro-life supporters should note that they are supporting and protecting their religious freedoms. It is important to note that the church and the state have to separate. This implies that any anti-abortion law should be critically re-examined since it may merge the church and state. This is not legal because people make a personal choice as to the faith of affiliation while the state is supposed to respect everyone irrespective of faith. In the Roe v. Casey ruling of 1992, the woman has the absolute choice to dictate what she wants to do with her body. Pro-choice supporters argue that this makes a woman to be a lesser being than the fetus she is carrying. According to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), â€Å"forcing a woman to carry an unwanted fetus is like forcing a person to be cloned in order to save another life with the extra organs.† This is completely wrong considering that one’s body will be used without her consent to aid the prosperity of another life. The rights of a woman exceed those of the fetus she is carrying because the woman is independent and is a social entity, unlike the fetus. For many centuries, many women have been rated as having unequal rights to men. Abortion is the only avenue that can make them regain a socio-economic status equal to that of men. Women can access better education, housing, and jobs only if they are in a position of controlling the sexual and reprodu ctive rights. Debate Surrounding Abortion Legal Debate Pro-choice advocates argue that abortion should be legalized to reduce the chances of unsafe abortions. A study carried out by the World Health Organization showed that most of the unsafe abortions occur in countries where abortion is illegal (Knapp, 2001). In countries like the Republic of Ireland, abortion is illegal, in the United States of America; abortion is legal while, in Canada, it can be performed upon demand, or consent. Ethical Debate An ethical analysis on abortion seeks to establish what is right or wrong about abortion. This ethical debate sheds light over the validity of the rights of the fetus versus those of the mother. In terms of personhood, a fetus is not aware of self, does not think, and is therefore, dependent on the mother. This means that the mother has an absolute right on choice over what to with the fetus. At certain epochs, pro-life supporters have supported selective abortion. This means that they support abortion if a fetus poses a danger to the mother, if the baby was conceived without the mother’s consent like in cases of rape, contraceptive failure, or incest. The other case is where the fetus may be having severe deformities due to diseases, mental of physical defects. Other cases happen when a mother involuntarily aborts because of starvation or malnutrition. This sparks a debate within the pro-life supporters who are assumed the â€Å"undecided lot.† On the contrary, pro-life supporters assume that fetuses are human, and they are subjected to a lot of pain in the event of an abortion. It is wrong to assume that a fetus is not a human being since it does not talk, or is not a social entity. Pro-life supporters also argue that a fetus is a potential life and any threat to it is breaking a fundamental right to life that is entrenched in almost all constitutions across the world. Pro-choice supporters posit that abortion is an act of unjust discrimination to the unborn and that this acts deprives them to the access to a valuable future. Conclusion In conclusion, prior to 1973, abortion was illegal and was only applicable legally as an option only when the mother’s life was in danger. However, the Supreme Court’s ruling on Roe v. Wade case changed all this; women perceived the ruling as a liberating to them. However, the legalization of abortion came with its own controversies, and it has even been labeled a social problem in the United States and the world over. However, it is critical to note that abortion or no abortion, persons have to take a keen look at the problems facing the society today and make a responsible choice. Today, we are 7 billion people, resources are overstretched, the world economy is weakening, and nations are growing unstable. Any person who thinks of bringing an unwanted child into the world without careful consideration should be aware of the consequences of the hard life. Every nation has a national budget in order to account and cater for everyone. On the same note, every parent or tee nager should have a responsible plan for life. If every act is unaccounted for, then the number of children losing their lives due to paucity is set to increase tremendously. It is good to care for what we can see instead of spending valuable resources campaigning for fetuses that are yet to claim an entity in the social arena. References Berer, M. (2004). National laws and unsafe abortion: the parameters of change. Reproductive Health Matters, 12(24): 1–8. Henslin, J. M. (2008). Social Problems: A Down-To-Earth Approach. (8 ed.). New York, NY: Longman Publishers. Jones, R. K., Darroch, J. E., Henshaw, S. K. (2002). Contraceptive Use among U.S. Women Having Abortions in 2000-2001. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 34(6): 294–303. Knapp, L. (2001). Controversy: The Abortion Controversy. Michigan: Greenhaven Press. Schwarz, S. D. (1990). The Moral Question of Abortion. Chicago: Loyola University Press.

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When Preschool Teachers Meet New Immigrant Parents Education Essay Free Essays

string(177) " support and engagement in kids ‘s instruction is a really important ingredient in instruction it forms a preliminary to the unconquered kid ‘s public presentation\." 1.0 Introduction. The American educational system is multi faceted mired with legion hurdlings and chances, in order for it to work consistently there must be rules embedded in it to guarantee that all the parties taking portion in the system are to the full accountable. We will write a custom essay sample on When Preschool Teachers Meet New Immigrant Parents Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order for the educational system to accomplish its aims, instructors and parents must pitch their attempts towards achieving correspondent ends for the kids. Parents should be empowered with the critical cognition so that they are in a place to understand the demands exerted on instructor ‘s clip and the energy ( Macfarlane, 2002 ) . Furthermore, the instructors must be roused to the countless concerns that parents have about their kids ‘s instruction and finally their life ends. Inherently intertwined within this confront is the desperate demand for the full schooling community to run in agreement where parents, kids and instructors feel esteemed, supported and heard. There are downpours of challenges broached by both parents and instructors who have to cover with dissimilar civilizations, values and systems. The presence of immigrants in the U.S pre school system can be seen as both a challenge and a learning chance for the school decision makers and the instructors. Conversely, parents have got their portion of strain to postulate with as they fall short of the critical cognition on how to take part in the instruction system in order to impact their kids public presentation positively. Broached with similar challenges, it ‘s logical for both the instructors and the parents of the immigrant pupils to hammer a working relationship, which will enable them to run as a unit to brazen out a common challenge. The extreme challenge that both the parents and the pupils of the immigrants have to cover with is cultural incongruousness. At the pre school instruction degree, most kids are normally natural and uninformed on the societal norms and cultural values of the American people this creates a rift between them and the native pupils as they are perceived as foreigners and artless. When instructors are non well-versed with the particular cultural ascriptions of the foreign pupil a communicating barrier is created making anxiousness in the acquisition environment. In order for the instructors to take part in their instruction responsibility efficaciously, where the immigrant pupils are concerned, they must infer first manus information refering the pupils from their parents a factor which will assist them plan their course of study to suit the varied demands of the pupils encountered in the schoolroom. There is battalion of barriers that immigrant parents have to postulate with as they get attuned to the environment ; their outlooks vary in relation to how they expect the instructors to associate with their kids in the instruction system. However, parents can play an active function by guaranting that they approach the instructors personally during the first acquisition hebdomad so that they can supply them with all the critical inside informations they need to cognize refering their kids. This paper will dig into a through scrutiny of the possible beginnings of divergency, in relation to how immigrant parents enmesh with instructors in the new educational system in order to impel their kids towards their life ends. Further, this research will analyse the myriad challenges that both immigrant parents and kids broach in the American instruction system. For the intents of earning all the facts and positions in relation to this subject assorted articles and research documents will be utilized. Listening to the Voices of Immigrant Parents, by Jennifer et Al is one such article which will be scrutinized in this research to set up the assorted concerns raised by the immigrant parents over the American instruction system and how they think it affects their kids public presentation. Diversity and the new immigrants by Miller is another paramount beginning of information which will assist into examining the assorted diversenesss brought Forth by the immigrants who settle into America and prosecute instruction. An inexplicit position on the issue of making a feasible resonance between instructors and the immigrant parents will be inferred from the famously know volume learning to offend: Education as the pattern of freedom by maulerss. In order to engender away the best scheme on how the whole American instruction system can get by with the issue of immigrants in the educational sector this research will borrow constructs extended by. Multicultural Education Training and Advocacy entitled Attention immigrant parents. By and large, this research will light into the fact that pre school instructors can be able to set up a good working resonance with the immigrant parents and kids through creative activity of good communicating system and cultural integrating which will assist to pacify their disparities and misinterpretations. 2.0 Literature Review. Immigrants who move to US to settle for good are instantly confronted by the enlightening disparity between their civilization and the American civilization. Culture is a really powerful societal instrument which affects the manner people behave, make determinations, relate with others and tantrum in the society. The cultural disagreement between the foreigners and the Americans creates a rift because it eliminates the common platform through which positions and sentiments are shared. Changeless fright of being misconstrued vehemently thrives between the distinguishable parties restricting any attempt of the two to work together. The challenge becomes more terrible in the educational system where instructors and parents must work in homogeny to guarantee success for the kids. A research conducted by Felgado, ( 2005 ) established the fact that the major grounds why pre school pupils fail in their academic work is hapless or deficiency of engagement of their parents in their educational affair ( pg.91 ) the survey farther found out that 78 % of all the parent who participated actively in their kids instruction propelled their kids to accomplish good classs, therefore the issue of parental engagement in the pre school instruction becomes inevitable ( pg.102 ) . Full parental support and engagement in kids ‘s instruction is a really important ingredient in instruction it forms a preliminary to the unconquered kid ‘s public presentation. You read "When Preschool Teachers Meet New Immigrant Parents Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Though the media has been cheerful to clarify on the struggles experienced in schools owing to immigrants and the broken communicating they cause, it has been loath to recite on how this colossal job can be de alt with discreetly. Furthermore, a batch of literature spawned in relation to immigrants and instruction does non touch to the significance of hammering a positive working relationship between parents and instructors. A batch of prominence is given to the immigrants as the beginning of the job due to the clashing civilizations. Nonetheless, some bookmans have endeavored to foreground how immigrants ‘ preschool pupils can profit from the U.S educating system through a coordinate work of instructors and parents. Hooks ( 2004 ) is convinced that the Educational institutes must play the greatest function in set uping mutual communicating channels through which all the parents whether native or immigrants can entree aid and voice out their sentiments. The obstructor of communicating between the American instructors and the immigrants is created by hapless communicating, pre mature rating, biass and hapless constructions for conveying message. It ‘s hence really necessary to set up the best channels through which communicating is launched so that parents can easy entree the instructors to turn to any concern they may hold or describe any grudges to the school disposal. Immigrant parents and kids must to the full intermix to the educational system and the first measure toward accomplishing this end can be mandated by educational institutes through creative activity of accommodating environment which tolerates diverseness and different civilizations. Harmonizing to Desiree Qin, ( 2004 ) â€Å" Both the parents and the pupils must experience accepted as portion of the whole system. â€Å" ( pg.6 ) The enrollment procedure should include pointing parents to the norms and the outlooks of the school, such things as school policies, processs, rating construction, and plans should be offered in the native linguistic communication of the peculiar immigrant. This goes a long manner in determining the multiplicity of the instruction offered in that peculiar school. Through direct face to confront communicating, parents who have non been exposed to the U.S educational system must be informed on the construction and the format of the class agendas and the peculiar activities packed in each academic calendar. Forging a feasible relationship between the pre school instructors and the parents is the absolute trial, it involves a batch of forbearance and apprehension where both the parties are supposed to play an active function to guarantee that they create a common platform through which they can pass on and work in unison. The instructors, who are rather equipped with the critical cognition on how to cover with cultural diverseness, must take the lead in making a foundation for this relationship to boom. Immigrant parents have countless premises about school establishing their positions on their anterior experiences during their schooling yearss which frequently times are basically different from those of their kids ( Miller, 1995 ) As Miller, assert â€Å" A parent who attended a really formal school may happen it hard to understand the educational value of drama in the early old ages. ( pg.23 ) † So when you tell such a parent that child need to play as portion of larning experie nce struggle is likely to break out. Sometimes the slang that is used in the schools in relation to the course of study and attainments does non in filter into the heads and this makes them experience isolated as though their function in their kids ‘s instruction is non important. Teachers should make a span through which parents can entree them with their assorted concerns, a civilization of openness should be inculcated in the system to guarantee that parents are able to voice their concerns and that the instructors tackle the named issues diligently. Even if most immigrants are gnawed by other societal affairs like racial favoritism, biass, poorness and disaffection instructors should make a resonance with them and enable them voice out their hurdlings. Teachers need non be answerable for their jobs but listening in creates an apprehension which is critical in order for a good teacher-student relation to boom. Teachers have the ethical duty to come in into duologue with immigrant parents refering their kids in order to be good equipped with all the background information necessary for augmenting their apprehension in order to hammer a good working relationship with the pupils. Parents on their ain behalf have got the authorization to intermix with the instruction system through active engagement in their kids ‘s instruction. Parents should do every attempt to hold a close talk with their kids instructors in order to construct a relationship of trust. The best clip for parents to run into with the instructors is during the first hebdomad in order for the two parties to run into when there is no complain. The initial meeting opens a channel through which the instructors and the parent can be united with a common end, a end of set uping success in the life of the pupil. When there is no operable working relationship between the parents and the instructors, kids suffer most. This is because the instructors are non in apposition to understand them and undertake them in relation to their cultural dispositions. As Massachusetts State Department of Education noted. ( 1990 ) the deficiency of sensitiveness to the behavioural dispositions of an immigrant pupil may take the instructor to mistreat or misconstrue the kid ‘s behavior and this may earn tenseness in the schoolroom scenario impacting the public presentation of the kid ( pg.41 ) . An issue of important importance is holding direct engagement of the immigrant parent in to the educational system ; this would make latitude through which the instructor and pupils are able to run in agreement. Milagros, Campbell ( 2006 ) highlighted the fact that instructors have to play an active function in guaranting that they remit critical information to parents refering the advancement of their kids in legion countries. Teachers have to construction the information carefully so that it reflects how they value the kids non as academic winner ‘s but as human. If a instructor handles, his study on the advancement of kids gauchely the parents may be dismayed and wholly demoralized examining them to believe that their kids are already being judged harshly and misjudged such a message has a monolithic potency to damage both the immigrant parents and the pupils. While discoursing and measuring the advancement of the kid instructors must be acute to guarantee that the parents understand the brand certain parents understand the background and the significance of the information conveyed refering their kids. Teachers must ever retrieve that the greatest concern that a parent has on his k id is their well being and their advancement. 3.0 Articles Analysis. Harmonizing to a survey carried out by Jennifer Adair and Joseph Tobin dubbed â€Å" Listening to the Voices of Immigrant Parents. † It was deduced that many immigrant parents opt for an educational course of study that gave a batch of accent on the academic direction. Most of the immigrants scorn against a system which teaches their kids of their native linguistic communication and intermix their native system with the American system. The findings further established that parents preferable instructors who were more directives in the instances where disoutes were concerned as this would assist to heighten subject and good behavior on their kids. Jennifer et al do non rather agree with the consequences deduced from their survey as they think it would be of import for the pupils to hold bilingual instruction which would help in absorbing constructivism in their instruction ( pg.4 ) There is a singular accomplishment garnered through childhood instruction for it helps in heightening communicating accomplishments and interpersonal relation accomplishments. When bilingual instruction is embraced the pupils are more sceptered to understand their ain universe and their civilization and this helps them to intermix it with the foreign civilization which forms their foundational instruction. In instances where it is non embraced the educational practicians employ hierarchal communicating with the pupils and the parents alternatively of mutual and as a consequence the pupils are non at easiness to show their constructs or positions in the schoolroom. The survey they carried asserts the significance of keeping duologue between the immigrant parents and the instructors. The duologue should be tagged with understanding with no contention or antagonist. This sort of resonance helps both the instructors and the parents to speak through their uncertainties and ambivalency refering the best programs necessary to maneuver the kid towards attainment of his life ends. Many signifiers of communications should be enhanced between the instructors and the immigrant parents assisting to develop consensus and common trust. Teachers in all their enterprises should back up the ends that the parents have established for their kids instruction. The childhood instruction and attention plans should equilibrate sensitiveness to the immigrant ‘s civilization and linguistic communication with the demand to assist the immigrant kid learn the host state ‘s linguistic communication soonest possible. ( Jennifer et al, 1997 ) There must be a systematic manner of intermixing the immigrants ‘ civilization with the American civilization in order to assist the pupils adjust to the instruction surroundings foremost. Their native civilization should non be sacrificed but should be integrated with the American civilization so that the pupils will lose nil. Desiree Baolian Qin in his survey of the early childhood instruction â€Å" Our Child Does n’t Talk to Us Anymore: Alienation in Immigrant Chinese Families † in relation to the Chinese immigrants asserted the demand for the pupils to be taken through bilingual course of study. This is because when pupils are taken through the new state ‘s instruction system disregarding their native civilization and linguistic communication this alienates them from their household paths and they become disoriented without a moral and value footing in their behavior. Qin expresses the concern that the pupils which go through the American instruction system without holding to analyze their background civilization switch their attending from their cultural value and encompass the foreign civilization a factor which creates a rift between them and their parents. The system creates an emotional withdrawal so that the pupils are no longer interested in their parents during adolescence. The features normally found amongst the young persons who under go the American civilization and preparation without giving any consideration to the Chinese system include deficiency of emotional affinity, diminishing communicating, and diminishing parental engagement in kids ‘s academic and psychosocial lives ( Qin,2004 ) . This fact can do emotional torment to the Chine parents who value a good emotional relationship with their kids. Children are no longer bothered to look into on their parents, and the household relationships disintegrate through the disaffection so that there is no longer understanding between parents and kids. When double frame instruction which encompasses both the Chinese back land and the American civilization is pursued, it is still eclipsed by the increasing demands that are exerted on the parents who have to work excess difficult to provide for the day-to-day demands of the household other factors like structural and lingual barriers still interfere doing it to be uneffective ( pg.3 ) . In order for the parents to minimise the degree of disaffection in their kids later in life it ‘s of import that they get involved intensely in the earliest childhood instruction. Notably, some immigrant Chinese pupils who have solid foundation in their cultural instruction still pull off to execute good in their upper instruction irrespective of the disaffection and the turning relationships their portion with their parents. Immigrant kids may go on to make good academically. The research carried by Angela et al â€Å" The Education of Children in Immigrant Families. † gives a acute accent on the importance of ensnarling the varied immigrants civilization into the American civilization in order to ease a unvarying platform through which pupils entree instruction. Diversity should ne’er be treated as an hinderance but instead as an chance for farther exposure and more cognitions so immigrants should heighten their civilization and at the same clip embrace the American civilization in order to boom amidst the integrating. For case when a pupil understands how households organize their lives within specific contexts of response can afford us ways of understanding the broad scope of experiences kids live ( Angela et al, 2009 ) . It is by understanding the other civilizations that credence is built and where there is credence cognition can non be hindered. By encompassing their civilization together with the new norms and values observed in America, kids spawn their developmental way ways doing them suit in their society and the metropolitan American civilization. Milagros Morillo-Campbell in â€Å" advancing ell parental engagement: challenges in contested times. † feel that the cardinal o successful merger of the diversified civilizations of the immigrants into the American instruction system is by affecting the parents in the instruction. The non English speech production parents should fall in the English Language Learners ( ELL ) and be taught on how to pass on with the instructors in order to set up a good working relationship. The traditional engagement of parents in the educational sector should be embraced because this move is culturally relevant and linguistically appropriate ( Morillo, 2006 ) Many immigrants are non able to take part in the schooling procedure of their kids because they do n’t cognize English and can non therefore converse with the instructors, nevertheless by larning English they become better placed and can play the function of go-between between their kids and their instructors. In order to heighten the engagement of the parents into the instruction system the plan should be funded so that both the parents and instructors can commune in return and assist the kids to make their possible. . In order for this scheme to be to the full implemented in the educational sector the American instruction system should back up the traditionally community based instruction aiming the enlightenment of the parents in order to heighten their engagement in assisting the kids with their educational duties. 4.0 Decision. Research workers, pedagogues, instructors and parents should work in agreement to heighten the improvement of the instruction offered to the immigrant pupils. Owing to the turning figure of the immigrants shacking in America it is of import to observe that their success affects the fate of the U.S. hence their educational success should be pursued diligently. The professionals who have the authorization of covering with the immigrants should make a leeway through which the parents of the immigrant pupils will go involved with their instruction straight. Constitution of good communicating steps and channels is the hall grade through which the barriers to offering first-class instruction to immigrants is buffered. By easing a good kid and parent relationship and communicating goes a long manner in minimising the generational spreads which create disaffection. Schools should both educate and back up the parents on how to back up the kids and edify them on their civilization and back land for proper cultural integrating. The most of import aspect in guaranting that immigrants obtain first-class instruction is authorising them through cognition, accepting them and affecting their parents in their educational advancement. How to cite When Preschool Teachers Meet New Immigrant Parents Education Essay, Essay examples

Human Resource Management for Employers- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Management for Employers and Employees. Answer: Introduction Human Resource Management Human resource management is an approach that ensures proper management of the workforce using various core and non-core functions, such as recruitment and selection, compensation and benefit management, performance management, training and development (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Human resource management works by establishing better relations between employers and employees, which is made possible by improving the work conditions for the employees (Albrecht, et al., 2015). Global Retail Industry The global retail industry is one of the most important businesses that offers employment opportunities to millions of people. A retail business or a retail outlet is a place where exchange of multiple goods and services takes place, such as groceries, electronics, household, etc. (Lucintel, 2012)The retail industry comprises of small grocery shops as well as supermarkets where every product required in our day-to-day life is available for purchase. Recruitment and selection Recruitment is a process of identifying possible vacancies in a business organisations and inviting applications for the identified vacancies. Selection, on the other hand, is a process that involves screening of the applicants that have applied for a job so that the vacancies identified can be fulfilled and the organisation can run smoothly. Recruitment and selection is a major problem in the retail industry due to a number of issues (Rothwell Prescott, 2012). Some major issues related to recruitment and selection in the retail industry have been discussed below. Recruitment and selection issues in retail industry Retail industry is one of the most important industry in the world because of the contribution that it makes towards the global GDP and employment opportunities that it offers to the global population. However, there are a number of issues that the managers working in retail industry face while carrying out selection and recruitment of employees to meet the demand of their retail stores. Some of the issues, related to recruitment and selection, that the global retail industry faces are discussed below: First of all, recruitment and selection in the global retail industry is highly decentralised. Unlike other industries, where the human resource demand and supply patterns can be forecasted using data from the past and present, the human resource demand in the retail industry can never be accurately forecasted as each of the retail stores have their own human resource demand, which can undergo a change in real time (Barrett, 2016). As a result, the managers of the retail stores act as human resource managers of their respective stores and as they are not educated in the field of human resource management, they are rarely an expert in the field and are not able to carry out the recruitment and selection properly. Secondly, the fluctuations in human resource demand and supply patterns, experienced by the companies operating in the retail industry, pose a significant issue to the recruitment and selection procedures followed by the managers. The retail industry experiences a lot of fluctuations in human resource demands because of seasonal activities and festival seasons. During such periods, the human resource demands can increase and the failure to meet the human resource demands can result in decline of sales to a great extent. On the other hand, employing surplus staff can become a burden on the resources of the retail stores. Thus, recruitment and selection in the retail industry is difficult and is carried on as a continuous process because of high fluctuations in the demand and supply patterns of human resources. Thirdly, the global retail industry experiences very high employee turnover rates. The retail industry is one industry which offers easy employment opportunities to the public because working in a retail store does not require much qualifications. Further, the pay scale for the employees working in the retail industry is also good, as compared to the qualifications required. Thus, a lot of unemployed people approach retail stores to get a job but demonstrate a very high tendency to quit their jobs once they receive a better job offer (Khillare, 2016). As a result, the retail industry experienced high employee turnover ratios and it becomes difficult for the retail companies to meet the human resource demands of their retail outlets. Fourthly, the high fluctuations in human resource demand patterns makes it more important to keep the retail stores adequately employed rather than screening the candidates thoroughly before they can be recruited. Further, as the retail managers are not experts in the field of recruitment and selection, they are not able to assess the personality of the candidates and predict certain important traits about their personalities, such as organisational commitment, job commitment, etc. The managers taking care of all the recruitment and selection process have to take immediate decisions when a candidate approaches them for a job opportunity as a delay in taking a decision can result in the loss of a talented candidate, who might visit other retail stores for a job (Sinha, 2009). Therefore, the managers looking after the recruitment and selection of employees in the retail industry have a very less time to make recruitment decisions and are not able to assess the personalities of the cand idates adequately. Fifthly, a major issue that the managers operating in the retail industry face is that there is no shortage of candidates and the applicants in the retail industry are from diverse backgrounds, age groups, ethnicity, etc. and all of them are equally eligible to work in the retail stores. As a result, the pool of applicants will vary in terms of education and experience and all them being eligible for the job makes it difficult for the managers to recruit candidates and refuse some of them (Merkel, et al., 2009). It is also important for the managers working in the retail industry to behave ethically towards the candidates because most likely, they are also a customer in the business and will base their buying decisions on the basis of the way in which they are treated. Dealing with the recruitment and selection issues in retail industry The global retail industry is one industry that experiences a lot of issues when it comes to recruitment and selection of candidate. Dealing with the issues becomes important because the retail industry is highly dependent on its human resources to attend and deal with thousands of customers that visit the store on a daily basis. Some strategies that can help the managers working in the retail industry in dealing with recruitment and selection issues are discussed below: First of all, the retail industry managers should implement strategies that would help them in retaining their employees and reducing their employee turnover rates. Some strategies to achieve these objectives can be to offer better compensation and benefits to the employees or by offering them with certain welfare activities while they are working in the retail stores. In other words, the managers of the retail stores need to make the job more interesting and the work conditions more suitable for the employees so that they can differentiate the retail company from the competitive firms (Bansal, 2014). Such actions can help retail companies in distinguishing themselves from other retailers, attracting talented pool of employees, retaining the existing pool of employees and also in becoming an employer of choice for the fresh candidates in the retail industry. Secondly, the managers working in the retail industry need to carry out human resource demand forecasting on a continuous basis. Forecasting the human resource demands of the retail stores on a continuous basis will allow the managers to be prepared with strategies that would help them in meeting any fluctuations in the demand identified (Bhattacharyya, 2009). The managers should also find out new ways to deal with fluctuations in human resource demands, such as recruiting employees on a temporary basis for seasonal or festival demands as the walk-in during such times increases exponentially. This would not only allow them to carry out their work operations smoothly but would also help them in curbing their operational costs. Conclusion/Recommendations The global retail industry is one of the most competitive industries as the competition in the market is very high. Major supermarkets and individually owned grocery shops pose a great threat to each other and are able to achieve competencies only on the basis of how well they are able to attend the customers. To offer better services, retail outlets require adequate human resource supply as shortage of human resources can delay the restocking process and can even become a reason for customer dissatisfaction with the retail store. As a result, it is important to manage the human resources in a retail store in the best possible manner. On the other hand, managing the human resources in the retail industry is not an easy task. Recruitment and selection of employees in the retail industry is a tough job as there are a number of issues experienced by the managers of retail stores while trying to attract and retain talented candidates. If the managers have a little knowledge about the concepts of human resource management, they can implement efficient strategies that would not only help them in retaining their employees but also in attracting a greater pool of talented employees. To achieve better efficiency in the management of human resources and in the recruitment and selection of employees, the managers of the retail stores can look into the strategies discussed above. References Lucintel, 2012. Growth Opportunities in the Global Retail Market. [Online] Available at: https://www.lucintel.com/retail-market-2017.aspx[Accessed 24 September 2017]. Armstrong, M. Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. s.l.:Kogan Page Publishers. Albrecht, S. L. et al., 2015. Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage: An integrated approach. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance , 2(1). Rothwell, W. J. Prescott, R. K., 2012. Recruitment and Selection. The Encyclopedia of Human Resource Management: Short Entries, 9 April, 2017(September), p. 24. Barrett, D., 2016. Six recruitment challenges that retailers must conquer. [Online] Available at: https://www.hrzone.com/talent/acquisition/six-recruitment-challenges-that-retailers-must-conquer[Accessed 26 September 2017]. Khillare, D. S., 2016. Challenges Of Human Resource Practices In Retail Sectors : in India. International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences, March.4(3). Sinha, B. K., 2009. Trends and Issues in Recruitment and Selection: A Critical Analysis. [Online] Available at: https://www.indianmba.com/Faculty_Column/FC1081/fc1081.html[Accessed 25 September 2017]. Merkel, J., Jackson, P. Pick, D., 2009. New Challenges in Retail Human Resource Management. Retailing in the 21st Century, 30 November, 2017(September), p. 26. Bansal, S., 2014. EMPLOYEE RETENTION STRATEGIES. International Journal of Research in Management Social Science, June.2(2). Bhattacharyya, D. K., 2009. Human Resource Planning. 2 ed. s.l.:Excel Books.